Protection of the Roma minority under international and European law

Preface
Abbreviations
1 Minorities, indigenous, Roma – Introductory Remarks and Definitions
1.1 Vulnerable Groups and Integration
1.2 Applied Terms and Definitions

2 Universal-Level Protection of Minorities, Indigenous and Roma
2.1 Minority Protection in the General Assembly of the United Nations
2.1.1 Historical Antecedents
2.1.2 The Evolution of the Prohibition of Discrimination in the Resolutions
of the UN General Assembly
2.1.3 The Appearance of the Protection of Minorities in the Resolutions of
the UN General Assembly
2.1.4 The Protection of Indigenous and Aboriginal Peoples in the Resolutions
of the UN General Assembly
2.1.5 Complementing or Unnecessarily Repeating?
2.2 Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights
2.2.1 Subject of the Right – Who Are Protected?
2.2.2 Subject Matter – What Is Protected?
2.2.3 Protection of Religion
2.2.4 Language Rights
2.2.5 Enjoyment of One’s Own Culture
2.2.6 Roma Issues at the Human Rights Committee
2.2.6.1 Roma issues in periodic reports of states under the ICCPR
2.2.6.2 Roma issues in the individual complaints under the ICCPR
2.3 Roma-Related Resolutions in the UN
2.3.1 Human Rights Council
2.3.2 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
2.3.3 The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
2.4 Special Conventions Protecting Certain Aspects of Minority Life
2.4.1 Employment, Occupation, Labour Rights
2.4.2 Education
2.4.3 Children’s Rights

3 European-Level Protection of Minorities and Roma
3.1 Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE)
3.1.1 Minority Protection
3.1.2 Specific Protection of Roma
3.1.2.1 Action Plan on Improving the Situation of Roma and Sinti in the OSCE Area
3.1.2.2 Implementation of the Action Plan
3.2 Council of Europe
3.2.1 Legal Protection of Minorities
3.2.1.1 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, and
its application to the Roma minority
3.2.1.2 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, and its application
to the Romani language
3.2.2 Protection of Roma in the Council of Europe – Institutions and Bodies
3.2.3 European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR)
3.2.4 Roma Cases of the European Court of Human Rights
3.2.4.1 Article 2 – Right to life
3.2.4.2 Article 3 – Freedom from torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
3.2.4.3 Article 5 – Liberty and security of persons
3.2.4.4 Article 6 – Right to a fair trial
3.2.4.5 Article 8 – Right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence
3.2.4.6 Article 14 – Freedom from discrimination
3.2.4.7 Protocol 12 – General prohibition of discrimination
3.2.4.8 Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 - Right to education
3.2.4.9 Article 2 of Protocol No. 4 – Free movement
3.2.4.10 Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 – Mass expulsion of aliens
3.2.4.11 The standard and burden of proof
3.3 European Union
3.3.1 Anti-Discrimination and the Equality Directives
3.3.2 The Racial Equality Directive in the Case-Law of the European Court
of Justice and National Courts
3.3.3 Protection of Roma in the EU and the EU Framework for National
Roma Integration Strategies

4 Which Forum Should You Choose for Your Roma-Related Discrimination Case?
4.1 Civil versus Criminal Law Path and the Third Which Rejoices: Administrative Procedures
4.2 Court of Justice of the European Union versus European Court of Human Rights
4.3 When to Choose UN Convention Bodies?
Bibliography
Index