Illegal Waste Management Activity in the Process of Bunker Fuel Production

Tables
Table 2.1: Overview of the book summarising methodological aspects relevant for each chapter 79
Table 5.1: The structurally established goals in the waste oil management and bunker fuel production industries 212
Table 7.1: Summary of the answers to the research questions and overview of related book Chapter 318

Figures
Figure 1.1: Adapted responsive regulation pyramid 41
Figure 2.1: Comparison of universal scripts used for crime-script analysis of a subway mugging – original from Cornish 1994 and contemporary version from Tompson and Chainey 2011 65
Figure 2.2: Sample table for data collection from dossiers applying the crime scripting method 66
Figure 2.3: Extract from Tompson and Chainey (2011) – Useful questions for the identification of offending conditions and enforcement conditions (p. 11) 68
Figure 3.1: Fractional distillation of crude oil 85
Figure 3.2: The system of petroleum extraction, refinement, and use – emissions and wastes from a finite stock of crude to a finite stock of biosphere 87
Figure 3.3: The stages of bunker fuel production and consumption 91
Figure 3.4: The actors involved at different stages of bunker fuel production 92
Figure 3.5: Physical flows of WOs (row above) and accompanying documents (row below) from use of substance to re-use after treatment 96
Figure 3.6: Overlap between the three stages of the bunker fuel production process and the waste oil management process from generation to re-use 98
Figure 3.7: Permissible operations for (waste) oils under Directive 2008/98 101
Figure 3.8: Market dynamics in the bunker fuel production industry 117
Figure 3.9: Embedded intervention/problem-triangle adapted for organisational crimes 133
Figure 4.1: The formal system of guardianship in the waste oil management industry 147
Figure 4.2: Overview of component Acts in Case 1 153
Figure 4.3: Act 1 – Collecting WOs, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post-activity 155
Figure 4.4: Act 2 – Documenting the Collection of WOs, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post-activity 159
Figure 4.5: The influence of fraud and lack of knowledge on the formal system of guardianship in Case 1 160
Figure 4.6: Act 3 – Mixing waste oils, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post-activity31 162
Figure 4.7: Logic of LAP Sector-plans 164
Figure 4.8: Comparison between processing according to law, Crafty's permit and in reality 167
Figure 4.9: Act 4 – Processing WOs, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post-activity 168
Figure 4.10: Act 5 – Illegal Movement and receipt of WOs Labelled as Products, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Postactivity 171
Figure 4.11: Overview of component Acts in Case 2 180
Figure 4.12: Act 1 – Producing (Fertilisers and Pesticides), activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post- activity 182
Figure 4.13: Act 2 – Labelling WOs as By-products, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post- activity 186
Figure 4.14: Act 3 – Limited testing of WOs labelled as by-products, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post- activity 189
Figure 4.15: Act 4 – Illegal Movement and Receipt of WOs labelled as by-products, activities and actors organised in scenes from Pre-activity to Post-activity 192
Figure 5.1: Legitimate and illegitimate opportunities for goal attainment at the crossroads between waste oil management and bunker fuel production. 217
Figure 5.2: Symbioses and synergies that generate a crime-facilitative system at the overlap between WOM and BFP. 259
Figure 6.1: The agencies involved in the system of guardianship for waste management in the Netherlands 264
Figure 6.2: Extract from “Blauwdruk Team Andante 2017 Engels”, p. 3. 271
Figure 6.3: Adapted responsive regulation pyramid 294
Figure 7.1: Intervention script for illegal waste oil management activities in the process of bunker fuel production 323